Direct and Indirect Speech Dalam Bentuk Past

A. Pengertian Direct and Indirect Speech    

Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya disertai dengan tanda aphostrof (“) di awal dan akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks dialog atau percakapan.
             Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung (tidak persis seperti yang dikatakan pada saat diucapkan).

Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat.

B. Aturan Perubahan Direct and Indirect Speech Bentuk Past

1. Tenses

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Past	Past Perfect
2	Past Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Past Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous

2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/Today	That night/That day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	These	Those

3. To Be & Auxiliary Verbs

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Am/is/are	Was/were
2	Shall/will	Should/would
3	Can	Could
4	May	Might
5	Must have	Had to

Contoh :

-Simple Past menjadi Past Perfect

Direct   : He told me, “I went to Bandung yesterday”.

Indirect : He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday.

-Past continuous tense

Direct   : He said “I was reading an English novels”.

Indirect : He said that he had been reading English novels.

-Past Perfect

Direct   : He said, “I had bought a book”

Indirect : He said that he had bought a book

Source : http://www.bahasainggrisoke.com/direct-and-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-pengertian-kalimat-terlengkap/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-direct-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/