Direct and Indirect Speech Dalam Bentuk Past

A. Pengertian Direct and Indirect Speech    

Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya disertai dengan tanda aphostrof (“) di awal dan akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks dialog atau percakapan.
             Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung (tidak persis seperti yang dikatakan pada saat diucapkan).

Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat.

B. Aturan Perubahan Direct and Indirect Speech Bentuk Past

1. Tenses

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Past	Past Perfect
2	Past Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Past Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous

2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/Today	That night/That day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	These	Those

3. To Be & Auxiliary Verbs

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Am/is/are	Was/were
2	Shall/will	Should/would
3	Can	Could
4	May	Might
5	Must have	Had to

Contoh :

-Simple Past menjadi Past Perfect

Direct   : He told me, “I went to Bandung yesterday”.

Indirect : He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday.

-Past continuous tense

Direct   : He said “I was reading an English novels”.

Indirect : He said that he had been reading English novels.

-Past Perfect

Direct   : He said, “I had bought a book”

Indirect : He said that he had bought a book

Source : http://www.bahasainggrisoke.com/direct-and-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-pengertian-kalimat-terlengkap/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-direct-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/

Direct and Indirect Speech Dalam Bentuk Future dan Imperative

Aturan Perubahan Direct and Indirect Speech Bentuk Future dan Imperative

A. Bentuk Future

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Future	Past Future
2	Future Continuous	Past future continuous
3	Future Perfect	Past Future Perfect
4	Future Perfect Continuous	Past Future Perfect Continuous

Contoh :

-Simple Future

Direct   : He told me, “I will go to university next year”.

Indirect : He told me that he would go to university the following year.

-Future Continuous

Direct   : He said “I will be buying a book”

Indirect : He said that he would buy a book

-Future Perfect

Direct   : ”I will have bought a book”

Indirect : He said that he would have bought a book

B. Bentuk Imperative

Imperative adalah kalimat perintah yang bertujun untuk memerintahkan/ meminta seseorang melakukan sesuatu yang kita kehendaki. Dalam imperative kita tidak dianjurkan memakai subjek diawal kalimat, karena kalimat ini bersifat langsung kepada subjek namun tidak disebutkan subjeknya. Contohnya Ambilkan payung saya!. Tanda baca yang selalu digunakan dalam imperative adalah tanda baca seru (!) dan terdapat kata “please” yang biasanya diletakan diawal atau diakhir kalimat. Hal itu bertujuan mempertegas kalimat agar yang diperintah langsung melakukan perintah. Imperative mempunyai 2 (dua) pola dan berikut ini penjelasannya.

1. Imperative yang menggunakan kata kerja

Verb 1 + Object

Perhatikan contoh kalimatnya dibawah ini:

• Direct    : Miftah said, “cut the paper into two side and fold like me!”
  Indirect : Miftah said to cut the paper into two side and fold like him

• Direct    : Mr. Fairiz said me, “ Take me a cup of tea, now!”
  Indirect : Mr. Fairiz said me to Take him a cup of tea, then

2. Imperative yang menggunakan kata kerja bantu berupa “TO BE” disini kita hanya menggunkan “BE”

Be + Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb

Perhatikan contoh kalimatnya dibawah ini:

• Direct   : My mother said me, “Be my good daughter when I leave you alone at home!”
  Indirect : My mother said me to Be her good daughter when she left me alone at home!”

• Direct    : I said her, “be silent!”
  Indirect : I said her to be silent

Source : http://hindayani.com/cara-menggunakan-direct-and-indirect-speech-plus-contoh/

http://www.bahasainggrisoke.com/direct-and-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-pengertian-kalimat-terlengkap/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-direct-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/

http://www.bahasainggrisoke.com/pengertian-pola-dan-contoh-kalimat-imperative-pada-direct-indirect-speech/

Active and Passive Sentence in Past Form

Subjek pada passive voice merupakan objek pada active voice dengan was untuk subjek tunggal, sedangkan were untuk subjek jamak. Adapun agent pada passive voice merupakan subjek pada active voice.

1. Simple Past Tense

 

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + verb-2 + direct object	S (direct object) + was/were + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Sunmark Press printed the first book in 2005	The first book was printed in 2005 by Sunmark Press.
Someone left the letter when he was away from his desk	The letter was left when he was away from his desk
Tio ate sardines and rice for dinner	Sardines and rice were eaten for dinner by Tio

2. Past Continuous Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + was/were + present participle + direct object	S (direct object) +was/were + being + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
My friend was baking bread when I came	Bread were being baked when I came
Some workers was maintaining the toll road at this time yesterday	The toll road was being maintained at this time yesterday.
She was cleaning the kitchen floor while the children were playing in the living room	The kitchen floor was being cleaned while the children were playing in the living room

3. Past Perfect Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + had + past participle + direct object	S (direct object) + had + been + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
They had used poison gas in World War I	Poison gas had been used in World War I
Sally had read two hundred books before graduating from the college	Two hundred books had been read by Sally before graduating from the college
He had helped you so many times	You had been helped so many times

Source : https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-past-continuous-tense

https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-past-perfect-tense

https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-simple-past-tense

Active and Passive Sentence in Present Form

1. Simple Present Tense

            Berbeda dengan active voice – simple present tense yang main verb-nya berupa verb-1, main verb pada passive voice – simple present tense berupa past participle. Past participle ditemani oleh auxiliary verb is/am/are disesuaikan dengan subject pada passive voice (=object pada active voice)  memenuhi subject-verb agreement. Adapun agent pada passive voice merupakan subject pada active voice.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + verb-1 + direct object	S (direct object) + is/am/are + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Pregnant women should eat dark chocolate regularly	Dark chocolate should be eaten regularly by pregnant women
People make books from trees	Books are made from trees
My parents treat me like a baby	I am treated like a baby by my parents

                             

2. Present Continuous Tense

            Berbeda dengan active voice – present continuous tense yang main verb-nya berupa present participle, main verb pada passive voice – present continuous tense berupa past participle. Past participle ditemani oleh auxiliary verb “be” berupa am/is/are dan “being”. Be disesuaikan dengan subject pada passive voice (= object pada active voice)  memenuhi subject-verb agreement. Adapun agent pada passive voice merupakan subject pada active voice.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + am/is/are + present participle + direct object	S (direct object) + is/am/are + being + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
I have no idea know why he is wearing the shirt to sleep	I have no idea why the shirt is being worn to sleep
She is not cutting the grass now	The grass is not being cut now
You are usually watching TV when I come	TV is usually being watched when I come

3. Present Perfect Tense

            Seperti active voice main verb passive present perfect tense juga berupa past participle dan diawali auxiliary verb have/has. Bedanya, passive present perfect tense mendapatkan tambahan auxiliary verb, yaitu: been. Have/has disesuaikan dengan subject pada passive voice (= object pada active voice) memenuhi subject-verb agreement, sedangkan agent pada passive voice merupakan subject pada active voice.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
S + have/has + present participle + direct object	S (direct object) + have/has + been + past participle +/- by … (agent)

  Contoh :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
He has prepared great slides for the presentation	Great slides has been prepared for the presentation
We have verified your application	Your application has been verified
Someone has used my credit card to buy airline tickets	My credit card has been used to buy airline tickets

Source : https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-present-perfect-tense

https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-simple-present-tense

              https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-present-continuous-tense